What does gamesmanship refer to?

Gamesmanship refers to the practice of gaining an advantage in a competitive environment by manipulating or stretching the rules to their limits, often in a manner that may not be strictly illegal but pushes the boundaries of fair play. This concept emphasizes the strategic element of sport where a participant might use cunning or clever tactics to outsmart opponents, rather than relying solely on skill or athleticism.

In this context, followers of gamesmanship may engage in actions such as psychological tactics or bending the rules subtly to gain an upper hand, showcasing a more competitive and sometimes unethical aspect of sport. It highlights the grey areas in sportsmanship, distinguishing it from purely adhering to the rules or encouraging fair competition. The other options focus on concepts that do not align with the definition of gamesmanship; they either emphasize adherence to rules, a spirit of fair play, or attitudes toward defeat, which do not encompass the strategic manipulation implied by gamesmanship.