What does home-field advantage refer to?

Home-field advantage refers to the benefits that a team experiences when they are playing in their own venue, where they are accustomed to the environment, including the playing surface, layout, and overall conditions. This familiarity allows athletes to perform better because they know how the field or court behaves, the acoustics of the space, and the local area, which can enhance comfort levels and reduce anxiety.

While having more fans present can create a supportive atmosphere that may positively influence team performance, it is only one aspect of the broader concept of home-field advantage. Referee decisions can also be swayed by the presence of local fans, but that does not encompass the entire idea of home-field advantage. Weather conditions, while relevant, pertain more specifically to outdoor sports and may not apply universally to all home games. Ultimately, the advantage gained from familiar surroundings is what characterizes home-field advantage most precisely.