Which of the following factors does NOT affect participation in sport?

Participation in sport is influenced by a range of factors that can either encourage or hinder individuals from engaging in physical activities. Gender, age, and disability are all known to play a significant role in determining how and whether individuals participate in sports.

Gender can influence the types of sports individuals feel able to engage in due to societal norms and expectations. Age affects participation as different age groups may have different interests, abilities, and opportunities available to them. Disability can also impact participation; individuals with disabilities may face barriers in accessing facilities, programs, or adapted sports, which can limit their involvement.

Parental income, while it can indirectly affect participation through access to resources, clubs, and equipment, is often not considered a direct factor in the same way as the others listed. It may influence opportunities but is one of many socio-economic factors that can vary greatly in their impact on individuals' choices and chances for participation. Thus, this makes parental income less definitive in affecting participation in sport compared to the other factors mentioned.